Toxic Hepatitis
Definition
Toxic hepatitis is liver inflammation caused by exposure to toxic substances, such as alcohol, drugs, or chemicals.
Causes
- Medications: Acetaminophen, certain antibiotics (like isoniazid, amoxicillin-clavulanate, nitrofurantoin, flucloxacillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and statins.
- Alcohol: Chronic alcohol abuse.
- Industrial chemicals: Carbon tetrachloride, vinyl chloride.
- Herbal supplements: Kava, comfrey, and others.
Symptoms
- Early symptoms: Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.
- Advanced symptoms: Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, light-colored stools, abdominal pain, and confusion.
Diagnosis
- Medical history and physical exam: Important to identify potential exposure to toxins.
- Blood tests: Liver function tests (elevated ALT, AST), bilirubin levels.
- Imaging: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to assess liver damage.
- Liver biopsy: May be performed to confirm diagnosis and assess severity.
Treatment
- Remove the toxin: Discontinue the offending substance.
- Supportive care: Hydration, nutritional support.
- Medications: N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity, corticosteroids in some cases.
- Liver transplant: In severe cases where liver failure occurs.
Prevention
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
- Use medications as directed and avoid overuse.
- Be cautious with herbal supplements and industrial chemicals.
Prognosis
Varies depending on the extent of liver damage and the ability to remove the toxic substance. Early intervention improves outcomes.
This post covers the points you need to know for your board exams as well as for teaching residents on the daily rounds. Medical professionals can't use the information here to treat their patients nor people can use the information her to treat themselves. If you are having any medical issues, contact your local emergency services. Please refer to your doctor for medical advice.
For further reading get the Current book.
This post covers the points you need to know for your board exams as well as for teaching residents on the daily rounds. Medical professionals can't use the information here to treat their patients nor people can use the information her to treat themselves. If you are having any medical issues, contact your local emergency services. Please refer to your doctor for medical advice.