Mnemonic for Lidocaine


Lidocaine Mnemonic

LIDOCAINE

Local anesthetic
Interacts with phenytoin and grapefruit
Digitalis toxicity and dental use
Orally inactive
Cardiac arrest caused by ventricular tachyarrhythmias use
Amiodarone-like action even better
Inactivates Sodium Channels
Nausea and vomiting are side effects
Epinephrine combination increases efficiency


Mnemonic for Lidocaine toxicity

SAMS

Seizures
Altered central nervous system (Dizziness, Restlessness, Confusion)
Muscle twitching
Slurred speech


Mnemonic for Treatment of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)

ALOSA

Avoid vasopressin, beta and calcium channel blockers
Lipid emulsion 20%
Oxygen 100%
Seizure inhibition with benzodiazepines
Amiodarone as antiarrhythmic


Xylocaine: where not to use with epinephrine mnemonic

"Nose, Hose, Fingers and Toes"

· Vasoconstrictive effects of xylocaine with epinephrine are helpful in providing hemostasis while suturing. However, may cause local ischemic necrosis in distal structures such as the digits, tip of nose, penis, ears.


Here are some key points about Lidocaine that might be useful for your board exam review:

  • General Category: Local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic.
  • Brand Names: Xylocaine, Lignocaine.
  • Chemical Structure: Amide-type local anesthetic.
  • Mechanism of Action: Blocks sodium channels, stabilizing neuronal membranes and inhibiting nerve impulse initiation and conduction.
  • Molecular Formula: C14H22N2O.
  • Onset and Duration: Rapid onset (1-5 minutes), intermediate duration (1-2 hours).
  • Indications: Local and regional anesthesia, treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Dosage: Varies by route and indication; for local anesthesia, typically 1-5 mg/kg.
  • Metabolism/Excretion: Metabolized in the liver by CYP450 enzymes, excreted via urine.
  • Side Effects: CNS toxicity (e.g., seizures, dizziness), cardiovascular effects (e.g., hypotension, bradycardia), allergic reactions.
  • Contraindications/Cautions: Hypersensitivity to amide-type local anesthetics, severe hepatic impairment.
  • Additional Notes: Often combined with epinephrine to prolong duration of action and reduce systemic absorption.

For more anesthesiology mnemonics check this mnemonic book.

          This post covers the points you need to know for your board exams as well as for teaching residents on the daily rounds. Medical professionals can't use the information here to treat their patients nor people can use the information her to treat themselves. If you are having any medical issues, contact your local emergency services or your primary care provider. Please refer to your doctor for medical advice.