Otitis externa
Also known as swimmer’s ear, is an infection of the outer ear canal. It can be caused by bacteria or fungi and is often associated with water exposure, such as swimming.
Causes:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Treatment:
Antibiotic ear drops: To kill the bacteria causing the infection.
Corticosteroid ear drops: To reduce inflammation.
Malignant otitis externa
Also known as necrotizing external otitis, is a severe and potentially life-threatening infection of the external ear canal that can extend to the skull base.
Causes:
Bacterial infection: Primarily caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other pathogens include Staphylococcus epidermidis, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi.
Treatment:
Systemic antibiotics, typically, a combination of fluoroquinolones and/or aminoglycosides with penicillin.
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This post covers the points you need to know for your board exams as well as for teaching residents on the daily rounds. Medical professionals can't use the information here to treat their patients nor people can use the information her to treat themselves. If you are having any medical issues, contact your local emergency services. Please refer to your doctor for medical advice.