Causes of Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury:
1. Anatomical:
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis
- Aortic dissection
2. Hypovolemia:
- Diuretic overuse
- Hemorrhage
- Severe burns
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- High ostomy output
3. Hypotension due to low cardiac output:
- Cardiogenic shock
- Massive pulmonary embolism
- Acute coronary syndrome
4. Hypotension in systemic vasodilation:
- Septic shock
- Anaphylaxis
- Anesthesia administration
- Liver cirrhosis
5. Renal vasoconstriction:
- NSAIDs
- Iodinated contrast
- Amphotericin B
- Calcineurin inhibitors
- Hepatorenal syndrome
6. Glomerular efferent arteriolar vasodilation causing intraglomerular hypotension:
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin receptor blockers
Read about acute kidney injury in this core concepts book.
This post covers the points you need to know for your board exams as well as for teaching residents on the daily rounds. Medical professionals can't use the information here to treat their patients nor people can use the information her to treat themselves. If you are having any medical issues, contact your local emergency services. Please refer to your doctor for medical advice.