Intrinsic Renal Causes of Acute Kidney Injury:
1- Acute tubular necrosis (ATN):
- Ischemia due to prerenal injury
- Drugs such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin, amphotericin B, cisplatin, methotrexate, ethylene glycol and pentamidine
- Iodinated contrast
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Intravascular hemolysis
2- Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN):
- Drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics, Penicillins, NSAIDs, Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and 5-ASA; Infection
- Autoimmune conditions (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IgG-related disease)
- Hereditary AIN.
3- Glomerulonephritis:
- Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
- Immune complex-mediated diseases (such as SLE, post-infectious glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinemia, IgA nephropathy, IgA vasculitis).
4- Intratubular obstruction:
- Monoclonal gammopathy (such as in multiple myeloma)
- Tumor lysis syndrome
- Hemolytic anemia
- Toxins such as ethylene glycol
Read about acute kidney injury in this core concepts book.
This post covers the points you need to know for your board exams as well as for teaching residents on the daily rounds. Medical professionals can't use the information here to treat their patients nor people can use the information her to treat themselves. If you are having any medical issues, contact your local emergency services. Please refer to your doctor for medical advice.